Minimally invasive and robotic surgery represent significant advancements in surgical techniques that aim to reduce patient trauma, enhance precision, and improve recovery times compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive surgery involves performing procedures through small incisions using specialized instruments and cameras, while robotic surgery utilizes robotic systems controlled by surgeons to perform precise movements with enhanced dexterity and visualization. These approaches have revolutionized various surgical specialties, including urology, gynecology, general surgery, and thoracic surgery, among others.

In minimally invasive surgery, surgeons utilize laparoscopic or endoscopic instruments to access and operate within the body through tiny incisions. This results in less tissue damage, reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and lower risk of complications compared to open surgery. Procedures commonly performed using minimally invasive techniques include laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), laparoscopic hernia repair, hysteroscopic procedures, arthroscopic joint surgery, and minimally invasive spine surgery. Patients benefit from smaller scars, decreased postoperative pain, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic outcomes.

Robotic surgery takes minimally invasive techniques to the next level by incorporating robotic systems that provide surgeons with enhanced precision, range of motion, and 3D visualization during procedures. Robotic surgical platforms, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, allow surgeons to perform intricate procedures with greater control and accuracy, particularly in complex surgeries involving delicate structures or tight spaces. Common robotic-assisted surgeries include prostatectomy, hysterectomy, colorectal surgery, cardiac surgery, and head and neck surgery. While robotic surgery offers many advantages, it also requires specialized training for surgeons and dedicated operating room setups to ensure optimal outcomes for patients undergoing robotic procedures.