Head and neck surgery is a specialized field within otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat medicine) that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of conditions affecting the head, neck, and related structures. This encompasses a wide range of disorders, including tumors of the head and neck (both benign and malignant), thyroid and parathyroid disorders, salivary gland diseases, skull base tumors, facial trauma, and congenital anomalies. Head and neck surgeons, also known as otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons or head and neck oncologic surgeons, are highly trained to manage complex surgical cases involving these regions.

Common procedures performed in head and neck surgery include thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland), parotidectomy (removal of the parotid gland), neck dissection for lymph node evaluation, excision of head and neck tumors, reconstructive surgery following tumor removal, tracheostomy placement, and management of facial fractures. These surgeries may be performed using minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic surgery or traditional open approaches, depending on the nature and extent of the condition being treated.

In addition to surgical interventions, head and neck surgeons work closely with other specialists such as medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, speech-language pathologists, and plastic surgeons to provide comprehensive care for patients with head and neck disorders. They collaborate to develop individualized treatment plans that may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, rehabilitation, and supportive care. The goal of head and neck surgery is to achieve optimal outcomes, preserve function whenever possible, and improve patients’ overall health and quality of life.