Endoscopic skull base surgery is a specialized minimally invasive surgical approach used to treat various conditions affecting the skull base, which is the area at the bottom of the brain and the bony structure that forms the floor of the cranial cavity. This technique involves accessing and treating lesions or abnormalities within the skull base using endoscopes, which are small, flexible instruments with cameras and light sources attached. Endoscopic skull base surgery offers several advantages over traditional open approaches, including reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes.

Common conditions treated with endoscopic skull base surgery include pituitary tumors, meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, Rathke’s cleft cysts, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and certain types of brain aneurysms. The endoscopic approach allows surgeons to navigate through the nasal passages or other natural openings to reach the skull base without the need for large incisions or extensive bone removal. This results in less disruption to normal anatomical structures and a lower risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery.

During endoscopic skull base surgery, the surgeon inserts the endoscope through the nostril or another entry point, such as the mouth, and guides it to the target area within the skull base using real-time imaging. Specialized instruments are then used to remove tumors, repair defects, or address other abnormalities while preserving surrounding healthy tissue. Advanced navigation systems and imaging techniques, such as intraoperative MRI or CT scans, may be used to enhance precision and ensure optimal outcomes. Endoscopic skull base surgery is often performed by neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat specialists) working together in a multidisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care for patients with skull base disorders.